Definitions: Atheism and related terms

Atheism -  absence of belief that any deities exist.

Explicit atheism - a conscious rejection, either of the belief in gods or of their existence.
Implicit atheism - the state of not believing in any gods, simply out of a lack of considering the question.

Weak atheism/Negative atheism - is an acknowledgment of the lack of evidence and so, acting as if there were no gods. Can be described as "agnostic atheism" and does not make a claim.
Strong atheism/Positive atheism - makes an explicit statement/claim against the existence of gods. Strong atheists would disagree with weak atheists about the inability to disprove the existence of gods.

Apatheism -  no interest in accepting or denying claims that a god or gods exist or do not exist.
Antitheism - the position that any adherence to a belief in gods is harmful or undesirable.

Theism - belief in the existence of a god or gods, specifically of a creator who intervenes in the universe.

Deism - belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe.

Pantheism -  the belief that the Universe (or nature as the totality of everything) is identical with divinity. Pantheists do not believe in a distinct personal or anthropomorphic god.

Naturalism - idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the world. 

Materislism - the theory or belief that nothing exists except matter and its movements and modifications.

Physicalism - the doctrine that the real world consists simply of the physical world.

Secularism - indifference to or rejection or exclusion of religion and religious considerations.

Humanism - system or mode of thought or action in which human interests, values, and dignity predominate.
Secular Humanism - nonreligious life stance that incorporates a naturalistic philosophy, a cosmic outlook rooted in science, and a consequentialist ethical system.

Brights movement - is a sociocultural movement formed of persons who hold a naturalistic view of the world. A person who holds a naturalistic view of the world may call him/herself a bright.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brights_movement

god - a superhuman being or spirit worshipped as having power over nature or human fortunes; a deity.
God - a god or any other being (conceived through imagination or not), whose name is God; a great nickname for someone named Goddard; the monotheist god. (If referring to the god of the christian bible, you can also call him Jealous - Exodus 34:14)

Magic - the power of apparently influencing events by using mysterious or supernatural forces.

Miracle - an extraordinary and welcome event that is not explicable by natural or scientific laws and is therefore attributed to a divine agency.

Supernatural - attributed to some force beyond scientific understanding or the laws of nature.

Evolution - the process described by the theories of evolution. 
Theory of Evolution - any theory that explains the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations.
Modern Evolutionary Synthesis - modern theory of evolution.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution - theory of evolution developed by Charles Darwin 
Darwinian Evolution/Darwinism - used to describe evolutionary concepts in general (it has increasingly been argued that it is an inappropriate term for modern evolutionary theory).

Natural selection - the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Abiogenesis - the process by which a living organism arises naturally from non-living matter

Vacuum - space devoid of all matter. In quantum mechanics, vacuum is defined as the state (that is, the solution to the equations of the theory) with the lowest possible energy. In quantum electrodynamics this vacuum is referred to as 'QED vacuum', it is a state with no matter particles (hence the name), and also no photons, impossible to achieve experimentally. In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero. As a result, QED vacuum contains vacuum fluctuations (virtual particles that hop into and out of existence), and a finite energy called vacuum energy. 

Virtual particles - Quantum Mechanics allows, and indeed requires, temporary violations of conservation of energy, it is an intrinsic part of quantum mechanics, particles pop in and out of existence, and during that time even interact with other particles. A fact which is extremely well tested, and is a complete and tightly woven theory for which a Nobel prize was awarded to Willis Lamb.

Anthropocentrism - considering human beings as the most significant entity of the universe; interpreting or regarding the world in terms of human values and experiences.
Biocentrism - considering all forms of life as having intrinsic value

Sources: 
Merriam-webster,
oxforddictionaries,
Rationalwiki,
Wikipedia.
www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-virtual-particles-rea/


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